In relation to the heart, regurgitation refers to the backward flow of blood through a defective heart valve.

An anticoagulant medicine belonging to the direct factor Xa inhibitor group.

The act of using a portable monitor to test one's own INR test results and then using the result to adjust one's own warfarin dose. A dosing guideline is usually created by a doctor for use by the person self-managing their therapy.

The act of using a portable monitor to test one's own INR test results. Usually the result is then conveyed to a doctor or healthcare professional for dosage adjustment.

An unwanted action of a drug.

Refers to a narrowing or constriction of a bodily passage. May refer to a narrowing of the arteries which results in less blood being able to flow through.

Characterised by a sudden loss of consciousness, sensation, and voluntary motion caused by either a breakage (or rupture) or blockage (or obstruction) of a blood vessel of the brain. A rupture would cause what is referred to as a 'haemorrhagic stroke' or bleeding on the brain. An obstruction is usually caused by a blood clot and may be referred to as an 'ischaemic stroke' because some of the brain will not get any blood for a period of time after the blockage which may cause tissue 'ischaemia' and sometimes some tisse death.

A substance that causes developmental malformations of unborn babies if used at certain times during pregnancy.

A substance found in the blood that helps the blood to clot.

The formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel.

The name given to a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and remains attached to the part of the vessel in which it formed.

A valve in the heart that separates the top chamber from the bottom chamber, on the right side.

A disease involving one or more of the valves of the heart. Valve problems may be congenital (inborn) or acquired (due to another cause later in life). Sometimes this can be treated with medicine, but if often involves repair or replacement of the problem heart valve.

A fat soluble vitamin that occurs naturally in the diet. It is essential for blood clotting because it is used by the liver to produce the substances the blood needs to clot. Extra Vitamin K may need to be given to help the body making more clotting substances if someone's INR is too far above the target INR range.

A brand of warfarin available overseas.

A medicine that increases the time it takes for blood to clot. It is an anticoagulant medicine, which works by making it difficult for the liver to use vitamin K to make clotting substances. These medicines are used to help prevent unwanted blood clots which may cause a stroke, heart attack or vein blockages.

An anticoagulant medicine that was investigated overseas. It was found to cause damage to the liver and has been taken off the market.